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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 554-562, Vol. 73, No. 2
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00864-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Dynamics of Emiliania huxleyi and Cooccurring Viruses during Two Separate Mesocosm Studies{triangledown}

Joaquín Martínez Martínez,1,{dagger} Declan C. Schroeder,2 Aud Larsen,3 Gunnar Bratbak,3 and William H. Wilson1*

Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom,1 Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom,2 Department of Biology, Microbiology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway3

Received 12 April 2006/ Accepted 1 November 2006

In this study we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, sequencing analysis, and analytical flow cytometry to monitor the dynamics and genetic richness of Emiliania huxleyi isolates and cooccurring viruses during two mesocosm experiments in a Norwegian fjord in 2000 and 2003. We exploited variations in a gene encoding a protein with calcium-binding motifs (GPA) and in the major capsid protein (MCP) gene to assess allelic and genotypic richness within E. huxleyi and E. huxleyi-specific viruses (EhVs), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the effectiveness of the GPA gene for analysis of natural communities of E. huxleyi. Our results revealed the existence of a genetically rich, yet stable E. huxleyi and EhV community in the fjordic environment. Incredibly, the same virus and host genotypes dominated in separate studies conducted 3 years apart. Both E. huxleyi-dominated blooms contained the same six E. huxleyi alleles. In addition, despite the presence of at least six and four EhV genotypes at the start of the blooms in 2000 and 2003, respectively, the same two virus genotypes dominated the naturally occurring infections during the exponential and termination phases of the blooms in both years.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 180 McKown Point, P.O. Box 475, W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575-0475. Phone: (207) 633-9600. Fax: (207) 633-9641. E-mail: whw{at}pml.ac.uk.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 November 2006.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2007, p. 554-562, Vol. 73, No. 2
0099-2240/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00864-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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